Dissimilar material welding and joining, dissimilar metal welding, dynamic. Thermodynamic considerations for a pyrometallurgical extraction of. Pyrometallurgy, zinc, lead, imperial smelting process, sphalerite, accompanying elements. Historically extraction of zinc has been more difficult than extraction of other metals because at temperatures where metals such as iron typically begins to melt, zinc is a gas. Examples of elements extracted by pyrometallurgical processes include the oxides of less reactive elements like iron, copper, zinc, chromium, tin, and manganese. Electrokinetic removal technology was adopted to treat this slags. The facilities at the xstrata ag subsidiary include roasting, sulphuric acid leaching, a tankhouse, melting and casting units.
Pyrometallurgical processes for recovering metals from various waste materials have been used over the last three decades. The horne smelter was the site of the original noranda reactor commissioned during march 1973. From ancient times until the end of the 19th century the production of metals made almost exclusive use of pyrometallurgical processes. The extraction of lithium from spodumene using the sulphation route was first developed in the 1950s.
Flow sheet for pyrometallurgical extraction of zn a mixture of roasted zn concentrate and anthracite screenings or coke breeze is charged in to a grog retort which is then placed in a furnace heated to1400 c. Pyrometallurgical methods of metal production are usually cheaper and suited for large scale productions. The silesian process eventually merged with the belgian process. Metal extraction processes for electronic waste and, recycling of ewaste for metal recovery is also important from the perspective of saving energy the us environmental protection agency, various investigators studied the extraction of pms, copper, lead and zinc from ewaste using hydrometallurgical routes 11,37,38,39,40,41 these routes are based on traditional hydrometallurgical. Gold extraction by chlorination using a pyrometallurgical process. Extraction of zinc application of zinc refining process. Sms group has been developing this technology for 100 years, and has supplied a diverse market with about 700 furnaces and major furnace component 2. Inquire now pdf the borax method of gold extraction for small journalhealthpollution doi pdf 10 5696 215696142 3 5. The pyrometallurgical recovery of zinc from the coarse. The main objective of this process was to convert highly stable zinc ferrite znfe2o4, which accounts for more than half of total zinc in the eaf dust, into zno and ca2fe2o5 by cao addition. The most commonly available ore used in the extraction of zinc is called zinc blende also known as zinc sulphide zns. Natural leaching from ancient pyrometallurgical zinc sites has contaminated the soil closed to the deposits. As an example, zinc ore concentrate includes several metals, such as indium, defined as a critical metal by the european commission 1. The noncarbothermic zinc pyrometallurgical processing of electric arc furnace eaf dust was investigated on a laboratory scale.
Zinc pyrometallurgy is an important method for extracting zinc from zinc. As a leading global manufacturer of crushing, grinding and mining equipments, we offer advanced, reasonable solutions for any sizereduction requirements including, flow chart for the pyrometallurgical extraction of nickel from nickel sulphide, quarry, aggregate, and different kinds of minerals. Saf in non ferrous metallurgy processes is increasing, in particular for the extraction of zinc, lea d, copper and nickel, but also for the processing of residues and stripping of slag. The objective is to merge two aspects of a successful project. Oct 10, 2015 laboratory equipment for pyrometallurgical processing of the coarsegrained zinc ash fraction with the aim of metallic zinc recovery was designed and subsequently constructed. The gas phase may also be used to advantage, either as a means of separating valuable volatile constituents or for removing unwanted volatile impurities. Accompanying elements in zinc oxide emitted into the. Pdf pyrometallurgical treatment of eaf dust to extract. But the generation of metal hydroxide precipitation near the cathode during the electrokinetic removal process could be the most serious factor that influenced the.
The effect of the temperature 480, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700 c and the melting time 30, 60, 90 c on the metallic zinc recovery was studied. Differentialflotation processes for mixed sulphides seldom giveascleanaseparation asdesired, andinsomeinstances flotation isquite unpractical. Pyrometallurgy deals with the methods of extraction of metals from their ores and their refining and is based on physical and chemical changes occurring at high temperatures, i. Extraction of gold from ore, wholesale various high quality extraction of gold from ore products from global extraction of gold from ore suppliers and extraction. Combine calcine from all crucibles, assay the calcine. Chlorination roasting is one of the pyrometallurgical techniques that can be used to. In the retort zinc is reduced according to the reaction. The feedstock for the process is a mixture of zinclead concentrates. The horizontal and vertical retort processes and electrothermal process were used in the past for zinc production but have become obsolete due to high power consumption and low recovery. Lead concentrations can be 5070%, and the sulfur content of sulfidic ores is in the range of 1520%. In this paper, the kinetics of extraction process of tin metal from egyptian cassiterite concentrate using the alkaline molten salts as fluxing agents as well as the mechanism of reduction process were investigated. Refining of lead from lead battery recycling stc italy.
Then, after being smelted, refined copper and copper products are yielded. This was the driving force behind the search for a new pyrometallurgical zinc refining technology, as it was felt that the enviroplas process coupled with a new refining technology would address the manganese issues, would be electrically powered, and would be environmentally acceptable. A multidisciplinary team of metallurgists, mineralogists, earth scientists, engineers, and chemists is able to address most metallurgical aspects of pyrometallurgical processes. Kinetics of reduction and oxidation reactions during. The parameters studied are carbon stoichiometry, ratio of sodium carbonate, sodium nitrate added, temperature and time of. Thermodynamic database for pyrometallurgical copper extraction conference paper pdf available november 2016 with 759 reads how we measure reads. Zinc concentration is in the range of 4060%, with sulfur content in sulfidic ores in the range of 2634%. Introduction the miasteczko slaskie zinc smelting plant is the only zinc and lead manufacturer in europe that. This process is also known as softening of lead because the metal is softened after the removal of some impurities which are present in the raw lead coming from lead battery recycling. Whilst much less commonly used for au extraction at present, pyrometallurgical methods are amongst the longestestablished of these alternative approaches and merit serious consideration in such cases. Zincite zno, zinc blende zns, calamine, zinc carbonate znco 3 etc. Pyrometallurgical extraction pyrometallurgical extraction inv olves several processes such as.
Removal of copper copper is the first of the impurities to be removed. Identification and description of mineral processing sectors. As a result of a series of cerussite flotation tests, a lead concentrate containing 63. Copper that is mined from copper ore, after beneficiation, becomes high quality copper concentrate. The high temperature laboratory in minteks pyrometallurgy division focuses on laboratoryscale studies for the minerals industry. Pyrometallurgical extraction of zinc and lead using the imperial smelting process isp is based on the reduction of roasted znpb concentrate with coke at c in a shaft furnace. The sulphuric acid concentrations will depend upon the leaching techniques used, and the composition of the zinc calcine. So it is extracted from zinc blende by carbon reduction process. General principles of production of metals by pyrometallurgy. Primary metal production pyrometallurgy deals with chemical reactions at high temperatures ranging from 100c up to 3000c. The following are the steps involved for the extraction process of zinc.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Jun 16, 2015 gas selective reductionoxidation redox and melting separation were consecutively applied to electrode materials of ab5type nimetal hydride batteries leading to the production of a nico alloy and slag enriched with rare earth oxides reo. For a variety oftechnical and economic reasons, theseoresoften cannot beprocessed by normal flotation and pyrometallurgical techniques. Galvanic sludge metals recovery by pyrometallurgical and. The aim of the study was extraction of zinc from smithsonite by ammonia leaching on cerussite flotation tailings. Accompanying elements in sphalerite in pyrometallurgical. Zinc smelting is the process of converting zinc concentrates ores that contain zinc into pure. Bapo systems to analyse the main chemical reactions encountered in the pyrometallurgical processes for zinc extraction, roasting of sulfides, and removal of phosphorus from molten metal, respectively. Pyro metallurgical extraction of zinc presently about 15 20% of the worlds zinc production comes from pyrometallurgical route. Pyrometallurgical extraction of valuable elements in nimetal. The main aim of this talk is to present a brief status of the development of both hydro and pyro processes for the partitioning of llrns developed worldwide, with a special emphasis on the. Zinc concentrate is converted from zinc sulfide to zinc oxide by roasting, and at the same time most of the sulfur is removed as sulfur dioxide. Beneficiation by froth flotation of ore to give copper concentrate optional partial roasting to obtain oxidized material or calcines 2.
These reactions involve numerous different solids, liquids, and gases, and are carried out using many diverse types of furnaces. New pyrometallurgical process of eaf dust treatment with cao. The major eaf dust treatment processes are pyrometallurgical at this time. Lead bullion contains many other metallic impurities including antimony, arsenic, copper, tin and zinc. Mitsubishi process that combine all of the above steps. Thermodynamic database for pyrometallurgical copper extraction. Then, they physicdly and chemically combine with the atomizing liquid steel and. Pdf the outotec direct zinc smelting process researchgate. Pdf zinc production from sulphide concentrates has traditionally been. Total percent extraction values achieved were 97 % for zinc and 97 % for cadmium. The pyrometallurgical lead refining process is one of the most important procedures of lead battery recycling. Specifically, the effect of reduction temperature and time on the conversion to metallic phases was investigated. Smelting in furnaces, incineration, combustion, and pyrolysis are typical ewaste recycling processes.
In most instances, both phases are molten such as the matte and slag in a conventional copper smelting operation. The brass secondary slag was characterized by xray diffraction, inductively coupled plasmaatomic. Download pyrometallurgical extraction of zinc pdf files. In the hydrometallurgical processing of manganese from its ore, the leach liquors often contain divalent ions such as iron, copper, nickel, cobalt and zinc along with other manganese impurities which make manganese very difficult to separate. Pyrometallurgical processes and equipment mintek has been closely involved with the south african pyrometallurgical industry since the 1970s, and is a world leader in the development and implementation of dc arc furnace processes for smelting, fuming, remelting and slagcleaning. Part of zinc hydrometallurgy and zinc solvent extraction includes the zinc and iron sulphate solution from the hot acid leach will typically contain 80100 gl zn, 2030 gl fe, mostly in the ferric state, and 4060 gl free sulphuric acid. Cadmium, lead and mercury are the heavy metal components most likely to be the target of environmental concerns 5. Reduction kinetics of zinc powder from brass converter slag. Pdf this chapter highlights key aspects of pyrometallurgy. Scale up of pyrometallurgical processes in the extraction of. Flow chart for the pyrometallurgical extraction of nickel from nickel sulphide products. Zinc is extracted from the purified zinc sulfate solution by electrowinning, which. Pyrometallurgical process an overview sciencedirect topics.
Until recently, the production of lithium chemicals was small, but with the invention of lithium batteries and the rapid growth in the use of lithium batteries in power tools, mobile phones, energy storage and transport now requires far greater amounts of lithium chemicals and with. Smelting dzs process provides a means for the pyrometallurgical treatment of zinc. Pyrometallurgical techniques the lead bullion is fed into a refining kettle. The extraction of these metals from pcbs is both profitable and environmentally worthwhile. There are two ways of smelting copper, one is pyrometallurgy, the other hydrometallurgical. Recovery of gold, silver, palladium, and copper from waste. Pyrometallurgy article about pyrometallurgy by the free. Pyrometallurgy is the principal and oldest branch of metallurgy.
Extraction of zinc from zinc blende lets learn nepal. About 90% to 98% of the cadmium present in zinc ores i s recovered in the mining and beneficiating stages of the extraction process. Flow chart for the pyrometallurgical extraction of nickel. Thermodynamic considerations for a pyrometallurgical extraction of indium and silver from a jarosite residue. Generally, copper extraction follows the sequence see figure below. A pyrometallurgical reduction process for the recovery of copper and zinc from brass secondary slag bss was studied. The article deals with a sophisticated approach to the study of basic kinetic dynamic process in metal production. Pyrometallurgical processes, and especially selective chlorination processes, have proved to be more ef.
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